Paragraph 2
I should not obtrude1 my affairs so much on the notice of my readers if very particular inquiries had not been made by my townsmen concerning my mode of life, which some would call impertinent2, though they do not appear to me at all impertinent2, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent2. Some have asked what I got to eat; if I did not feel lonesome; if I was not afraid and the like. Others have been curious to learn what portion of my income I devoted to charitable purposes; and some, who have large families, how many poor children I maintained. I will therefore ask those of my readers who feel no particular interest in me to pardon me if I undertake to answer some of these questions in this book. In most books, the I, or first person, is omitted; in this it will be retained; that, in respect to egotism3, is the main difference. We commonly do not remember that it is, after all, always the first person that is speaking. I should not talk so much about myself if there were any body else whom I knew as well. Unfortunately, I am confined to this theme by the narrowness of my experience. Moreover, I, on my side, require of every writer, first or last, a simple and sincere account of his own life, and not merely what he has heard of other men’s lives; some such account as he would send to his kindred from a distant land; for if he has lived sincerely, it must have been in a distant land4 to me. Perhaps these pages are more particularly addressed to poor students. As for the rest of my readers, they will accept such portions as apply to them. I trust that none will stretch the seams in putting on the coat, for it may do good service to him whom it fits.
第二段
若非我的乡亲们曾对我的生活方式提出诸多细致的询问,我本不该将自己的事情过多地强加于读者的关注之中。有些人会认为不太合适,但在我看来,并不构成冒犯;相反,考虑到具体情形,是十分自然的,也切合实际。有人曾问我靠什么为食;难道不会感到寂寞?难道不害怕吗?诸如此类的问题。还有一些人好奇地想知道我把收入的多少用于慈善事业。还有一些自己拥有大家庭的人,问我抚养着几个贫苦孩子。因此,我想请那些对此类问题并不是太感兴趣的读者们原谅,我还是要在本书中回答其中一些问题。大部分书中,我,或第一人称,是省略的;在本书中,将一直保留;就自我中心这一点而言,这正是二者之间的主要区别。我们通常只是不太留意,但归根到底,始终都是第一人称在说话。我要是对别的什么人同样熟悉,我本不会如此多地谈论自己。遗憾的是,由于我的个人经验有限,我只能局限于这一主题。除此之外,我,从我这一方面来说,要求每位笔者,无论何时,写些简单而真诚的叙述,关于他自己的人生,而不仅仅是那些他听来的别人的人生;类似那些从远方寄给亲人似的叙述;因为,如果他曾真诚地生活过,那么对我而言,那必定是在我的“远方”。也许这本书的目标读者是那些穷苦的学者。至于我的其他读者,他们也会有所收获。我相信没人为了穿上一件并不合身的外衣而强行撑开它的接缝,它对那些适合的人,才能真正有所帮助。
注释:
- obtrude:强行使某物进入他人的注意范围。该词带有“不请自来、过分打扰”的意味。梭罗在这里表现得十分谦逊。整句话交代了写作本书最初的缘由,但细心的读者可能会发现,这句话和本书的第一句话似乎有些矛盾“当我再写后面的文字,准确的说,是大部分,我独自生活在林中…”这暗示了《瓦尔登湖》并非纯粹的隐居日记,而是一场在独居体验完成后、面向公众质询所作出的系统性回应。
- impertinent:不合适的,不切题的,不适宜的;也有冒昧的,无礼的这种含义;去掉im前缀后,pertinent:相关的、恰当的。两个词词源相关,均来自拉丁语 pertineō(与某事有关)。梭罗选择独居瓦尔登湖畔,这一行为在当时并不完全被周围人理解。梭罗在瓦尔登湖独居期间以及随后发表演讲时,当地媒体与社会舆论对他充斥着嘲讽与攻击。有人骂他是“古怪的逃跑者”、“不负责任的怪人”、“无所事事的寄生虫”,甚至认为他去树林里住是对文明社会和家庭责任的一种挑衅与冒犯。因此,本句中的 impertinent / pertinent 不仅涉及询问是否得体,也隐含着对这种非传统生活方式是否合理的回应。通过同词异义的反复,形成词形上的呼应,表现他对这些问题的态度和看法。
- egotism:该词最初并非单纯指“自负”,而与文学写作中频繁使用第一人称“I”有关,意为“过多谈论自己”。后来逐渐发展出“自我中心、自负”等贬义含义。梭罗在此处有意利用这一词义变化:他承认保留第一人称可能带来“自我”的嫌疑,但同时指出,任何书写背后都存在一个说话的主体。“I”并不必然意味着 egotism。
- distant land: 又是一个同词异义反复。前一处distant land是物理上的“遥远的地方”,第二处则是指精神向往的“远方,理想”。
- student:并非现代教育体系中的“学生”。这里更接近19世纪英语中的广义用法,即“研习者、求知者”,有时也是 scholar 的较谦逊表达。梭罗本人也常以 student 的身份理解自己。与较正式的 scholar 相比,student 更强调持续学习和探索的过程,而非已经确立的学术地位。
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